Yeshaia Blakeney

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Medication Assisted Treatment for Substance Abuse

Overcoming addiction isn’t easy. Those struggling with addiction often require a comprehensive approach addressing substance abuse and underlying causes.  Addiction professionals use a variety of tools and evidence-based treatments to guide an individual towards a successful recovery.

 

Counseling and behavioral therapy can be effective for addressing underlying issues and triggers. Also, developing a strong support network is crucial for helping an individual through hard times and preventing relapse.

 

Can medications help with addiction? 

 

Evidence says medications can be extremely helpful for some types of substance use disorders.

 

Medication assisted treatment (MAT) is one of the many tools addiction professionals may use to help those with chronic and/or severe addiction. MAT can save lives and help get individuals focused on their recovery.

 

Addiction is a disease affecting the brain and body. Without proper treatment, it only gets worse–destroying relationships, families, careers, physical & mental health, and life itself.  Those diagnosed with cancer or diabetes wouldn’t think twice about taking medications to treat their conditions. Why should treating addiction be any different?   

 

It shouldn’t. In fact, agencies like the American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry, The National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the Centers for Disease Control all recommend MAT as a first line treatment for opioid and other substance use disorders. 

 

What is Medication Assisted Treatment?

 

Medication assisted treatment (MAT) uses a combination of behavioral therapy and FDA-approved medications in the treatment process. Studies have shown MAT is effective in helping those struggling with opioid, alcohol, and other addictions.

 

MAT helps to relieve withdrawal symptoms and psychological cravings. These medications also help to safely restore chemical imbalances caused by substance abuse. 

 

But isn’t that just substituting one drug for another?

 

This is a common misconception of medication assisted treatment. As you probably know, substance abuse can destroy your physical, mental, and emotional health. The medications used to treat opioid and other addictions are provided at safe doses that do not affect a person’s mental, physical, and daily functioning. 

 

In short: MAT replaces drugs that can destroy your life–and kill you–with safer medications that ultimately help you.  

 

MAT gives those struggling with opioid or alcohol addiction a chance to release the suffocating hold these substances create. Combining MAT with behavioral therapy allows a person to refocus on a life that is free from the dangerous substances taking control of the body and mind.  

 

Doctors prescribing these medications closely monitor individuals to ensure they are given safe, therapeutic doses.

 

What Medications are Used for MAT?

 

For those struggling with addiction to opioids like heroin, oxycodone, codeine, morphine and hydrocodone, the following drugs may be used in different situations:

  • Methadone
  • Buprenorphine
  • Naltrexone
  • Naloxone 

 

Drugs like methadone and buprenorphine activate opioid receptors to help suppress cravings. Naltrexone, on the other hand, blocks the sedative and euphoric effects of opioids. In fact, naltrexone prevents a person from getting that “high” feeling from opioids or even alcohol.

 

Naloxone (Narcon) serves a different purpose. It rapidly reverses the effects of an opioid overdose. It’s been used by first responders, police, and addiction professionals to save lives of those overdosing on opioids. 

 

MAT may also help those with alcohol addiction by using:

 

  • Acamprosate
  • Naltrexone
  • Disulfiram

 

Acamprosate, for example, helps to restore the disrupted changes in the brain caused by chronic alcohol abuse. This safe, well-tolerated drug has been used to treat over 1.5 million patients throughout the world. In fact, acamprosate is safe even when a person suffers a brief relapse. 

 

As with any drug, you want to make sure the doctor reviews your complete medical history and current medications. Discuss any potential side effects and risks of using MAT drugs. Also, be sure to consult with your doctor or treatment team before stopping any medications.

 

Medications used to treat addiction are not “magic bullets” that quickly make your addiction go away. You still have to do the personal work to address causes, triggers, and moving forward. MAT does, however, provide an opportunity to counteract some of the physical and neurobiological effects of abstaining from your drug of choice.

 

What are the Benefits of Medication Assisted Treatment?

 

As a part of a holistic drug treatment program, MAT medications are safe, cost effective ways to help manage addiction. They can also:

  • Reduce the risk of potentially fatal overdoses
  • Keep you engaged in treatment
  • Reduce cravings
  • Help stabilize your mood and emotions
  • Prevent engaging in dangerous or criminal behavior
  • Help with your social and occupational functioning
  • Reduce risk of contracting HIV or hepatitis C due to unsafe needle use
  • Improve birth outcomes among pregnant women with substance use disorders

 

Common Medication Assisted Treatment Myths

 

MAT research and data proves better outcomes and significant reductions in relapse. Still, some individuals–and even practitioners–are reluctant to embrace MAT.

 

But why?

 

For some, they may not have the correct information. Others may feel completely abstaining from any drugs is the best method of recovery. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) states that MAT is “greatly undersused.”

 

We already talked about why medication assisted treatment is more than replacing one drug for another. Here are a few other MAT myths that need to be debunked:

  • MAT only provides short term results. Individuals using MAT for up to 2 years have the greatest rates of long-term success.
  • MAT is only for those with a chronic, severe substance use disorder. MAT uses a variety of medications that can be modified to fit the unique needs of most patients–especially those struggling with opioids.
  • MAT makes overdose more likely. MAT helps to prevent overdoses. Once someone detoxes from opioids, even one brief relapse can cause a fatal overdose. MAT helps reduce cravings and gives those struggling with opioids a safer alternative.
  • MAT keeps a person from experiencing a full recovery. MAT allows a person to function better and enjoy a better quality of life so they can focus on the personal issues contributing to their addictive behaviors.

 

Is Medication Assisted Treatment Right for You?   

 

Looking for addiction treatment in a values-based program that emphasizes dignity, respect, and compassion? Recover Integrity gives men dealing with life-threatening addiction a chance to refocus and recenter their lives on what is truly important.

 

When appropriate, Recover Integrity uses the latest, evidence-based medication assisted treatment as part of their holistic recovery program

 

Tried 30-day programs with little or no success? Our exclusive, extended care addiction treatment for men offers an opportunity to comfortably address your issues and move past the dark tunnel of addiction.

 

Call (310) 294-9030 to get help now. 

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Do You Need to Dumb it Down in Treatment?

Do You Need to Dumb it Down in Treatment? 

 

One of the things that’s common in some therapeutic communities, when it comes to recovery is telling people to dump it down. And I understand what they mean, but I don’t like it. Because I like to think.

If you learn to reason well, which is not about coming to the conclusion that I had before I started reasoning, that you’re actually trying to figure out the truth of the situation. That has been an incredible asset.

 

 

Recovery is cognitive

 

In my recovery, in many ways, a lot of my recovery was cognitive. It was an intellectual endeavor. I was trying to reason whether or not this made sense to do. Now reason alone won’t do it. 

I have to have some foundation, some axiom there. And my axioms are to live is better than to die and to be healthy is better than to be sick. I don’t know why that is. I can’t tell you why that is. It’s a choice that I make. It’s the foundation for the rest of my reasoning. 

Once I start there I could build up reasons to get clean, that makes sense to me, reasons to do things I don’t want to do, reasons that I can transcend my ego desires. 

A part of what I do when I work with people, is I try to harness that.

 

If you ask questions, and you’d like to learn, instead of telling people like, “Hey, dump it down. Don’t think. Just show up.” 

 

You can actually harness that asset that people have and use it.

 

Now, the reason why people don’t like it is because people have the capacity to reason their way into what they want. But just means you’re not reasoning, good enough, well enough. It doesn’t mean don’t use your reason. It means use your reason better. Right? And that’s a huge part of recovery.

 

If you know, I need to make reasonable decisions to have a healthy life and if I don’t know how to think well, I can’t do it and there are techniques and ways to think well. 

 

They don’t teach you that in school. You memorize a lot of facts in order to figure out how am I supposed to be in my relationship with this person when I’m in a moral conflict between using drugs and my parents, you know, coming into town next weekend. How do I weigh those competing claims and come to a decision, you know. We don’t teach people how to do that, but we can. 

 

 

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Mindfulness in Treatment: Getting to Know Yourself

Mindfulness in Treatment: Getting to Know Yourself 

 

The other area that’s important that’s come into the treatment field, when we’re looking at kind of how to recover and become whole and become healthy, is what I would say the Eastern practices and I’ll lose the categorize them as mindfulness and of yoga.

 

Mindfulness is around intention and attention. 

 

If I meet somebody who’s suffering from addiction, demoralized, who’s ashamed, has some traumas in their background, often they’ll be sitting in my office, and you can kind of tell the level of trauma by body posture, and eye contact, and their ability to stay connected and intentional and paying attention in the interpersonal relationship.

 

The first thing that I have to do with this person is I’ve got to figure out how to help them feel safe.

 

That’s the beginning.  You build on that a little at a time in relationship with them and groups and individual work in casual kind of covert, nurturing and caring in the hallway, this kind of thing.  

Then eventually, when somebody is kind of here and they’re awake, that can take two, three months to blossom and start to change. 

This is a great sign when their affect changes.

 

Then work on the directing people’s attention and having people being mindful of the things that they’re engaged in that’s right in front of them. 

 

That goes to a very subtle level, eye contact, of focus, of being aware of what’s happening in my face and my shoulders, my neck and my back and that’s an endless route, both recovery and growth and wellness.

You can move deeper and deeper into the mindfulness attention and intention, by knowing what’s happening inside of your mind. 

Not just of what’s happening outside of me, but what’s happening in the dark, creepy recesses of my unconscious mind. The whole thing about recovery to me is to help people to move deeper into a process and become deeper people.

 

 

Get addicted to getting to know myself and working on myself

 

Not just me, but working on myself in relationship to all the people that I care about, to understand myself in the context of my work. 

That’s the “Wow. How can I be a better husband? How can I be a better father? How can I have a meaningful role in my work? How can I make a difference?” 

That kind of thing and when you get a little bit obsessed and curious about that, then recovery is not that hard

Then it’s this endless journey of getting to understand yourself, getting to understand the world, and interfacing with your reality in a way that’s meaningful, where you wake up and you look forward to it. 

 

Those are like the deeper realms of recovery.

 

Getting to understand yourself schematically. How you process stress and all that stuff. And actually, it becomes fun. It doesn’t become this chore. Then it’s not about, you know, when can I leave treatment,. Then it’s about what are the other ways I can get to know myself and I can get to grow learn to change.

 

 

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The Spiritual Element of Recovery

 

The Spiritual Element of Recovery 

In many programs, that you would go to, to engage in recovery from addiction, there’s a spiritual element to that program. So we have a spiritual program or something like this. And the most common spiritual traditions that they drawn are these Eastern traditions, Buddhism, the yoga, the mindfulness, meditation, these kinds of things. And honestly, I don’t think one can put into words the benefits of those practices.

 

 

Spiritual Psychology

There’s another spiritual tradition that’s more Western that I think is underutilized, which is spiritual psychology and it has to do with how the psyche works and it has to do with virtues. It’s sort of this mix of Greek thought, and philosophy and psychology.

 

That element is crucial because one of the things we’re addressing when we’re looking at recovery is who we are in the moral sphere. Because when you’re in your addiction, you feel demoralized and often ashamed of how you behave.

 

One of the things to try and figure out is how do I get in contact with my, let’s call it authentic self? And how can I be a better person? Which is a huge antidote against shame. If I feel like I’m being a good person over a period of time consistently, I usually don’t feel that a shame might take a while to get there. But we have to understand what it means to be a good person and that’s challenging. It’s a really complex philosophical issue and something that spiritual psychology looks at a lot.

 

 

The Ego- Self

In the moral sphere, the way that I think about that, is to think about a person as having a lower self, or you could call it -my great teacher, Dr. Rabbi Mordecai Finley calls it the ego-self- which is the, it’s a perfectly healthy part of the self for quick, unimportant decisions.

 

It’s the part of me that’s driving the car. That’s in chit chat on the elevator, that’s all ego-self. “Oh, would you like me to push this floor for you? Let me open the door.” You know, etiquette and basic memorized, mechanized ways of responding in the world. Ego self is great at that. 

 

However, we needed to function. I don’t want to be looking at a doorknob thinking what do I do here? How do I go through this door? What does this mean, right? Ego-self is great with that kind of interaction that we have. 

 

 

The ego-self is terrible, a complex interpersonal reaction. 

And any deep relational interaction is complex. It’s going to be reactive, impulsive.So, one of the core parts of spiritual psychology is this question of being able to identify when I’m in my ego self and when that’s appropriate. And when I’m in my higher self.

The really tricky part about addiction is that you become confused about the difference between those two ways of thinking and you use inconsistent rational thought to rationalize and justify ego desires, if that makes sense. 

 

An ego thought does not stand up to scrutiny. 

If you ask your ego deep questions, it cannot give you deep answer. It doesn’t have deep answers. To figure out how to respond in accordance with the situation so that you can continue to build on the most important thing.

 

 

 

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The Physical Aspects of Recovery

One of the things I don’t talk about as much–but it’s so important–is the physical aspects of treating addiction. 

 

Now this doesn’t necessarily pertain to people who are already “fitness freaks”. There’s a whole group of people that come into treatment and their primary coping tool is the gym and eating well. For those people, they’re not gonna get the same kind of relief from the gym beyond what they’ve already got. They’ve already dealt with the nutritional and physical aspects of their neurophysiology. 

 

But there’s another huge group of people who have never paid attention to their body. And sometimes it shows.

Huge Amounts of Information Are Stored in the Body

And we know that traumas are stored in the body. Memories are stored in the body. We know you can tell a lot about how a person is doing based on their body language, energy, posture, and eye contact. 

 

In order to have a full recovery, you have to take care of the body. Meaning: you have to be mindful and intentional about what you’re bringing into your body, what you’re eating, and what you’re drinking. 

 

And you have to be mindful and intentional of the physical activity you’re engaging in to help the body reach close to a peak performance.

Of Course, Exercise Is Healthy, But Did You Know…

There are meditative exercises that exist. I think particularly swimming, biking, and running.  Real rhythmic, physical activities, that open up different emotional spaces. When we’re in a deep depression emotions get locked in. 

 

I’ve told a story about when I picked up bike riding. On my first long bike ride, I just broke out in tears. There was so much emotion that was stored in my body. Until my body was moving in a rhythmic way, I couldn’t get to it. 

 

One of the big ways to relieve that stress and anxiety is to start to take care of your body more. The way to do that well is to find an exercise routine that actually works for you. I do biking, it’s really hard for me to lift weights in the morning, and frankly I don’t enjoy it. And I don’t like gyms. I like to be outside. So, biking is great for me. 

 

I wake up early in the morning and I jump on a bicycle. And it’s an automatic warm up; I kind of ease into that exercise. And, for me, it’s great because I’m kind of like, rusty in the morning. Biking, to me, brings this rhythmic, meditative thinking that just blows the thoughts and anxieties right out of my mind.

 

Of course, you have to find the exercise that’s right for you

 

The physical components of recovery cannot be understated. It’s not my area of expertise. There are people who know much more about it than me, but it’s definitely worth talking about.

 

 

 

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The Desire to Move Forward

When I’m working as an addiction or spiritual counselor, clients want to climb the ladder of treatment. They want to move forward in their lives, which is understandable. We all want that direction. 

 

And that idea of moving forward in treatment–that’s a therapeutic issue. I don’t mean that as an evasion. Our conception of what it means to move forward is a therapeutic issue. 

 

How do I answer clients when they ask, “When is it time to go? When am I ready to leave?”

 

I used to say, “When you’re willing to stay.” 

 

Considering Your Desire to Finish Treatment

 

My answer wasn’t cruel or a joke. I answered the question sincerely. 

 

I wanted them to ponder:

  • What happens when you come into treatment?
  • What is this urge to move out? 
  • What do you think is at the end of this journey?
  • Is there an illusion that when you leave treatment you get your freedom back? 

 

Many expect leaving treatment restores the freedom to do, “What I want, when I want, and how I want.” That it’s some kind of promised land. That life is going to feel better–everything’s back to normal. 

 

But your life wasn’t normal before you got there. You had an addiction problem and were suffering. And, in fact, when you leave treatment, life is more complex and difficult with less support. 

 

So it’s actually harder. 

 

I had a counselor that told me–when I was in treatment–the only thing that should change when you leave is your address. And what he meant by that was all of the tools and support that you’ve created while in addiction treatment–the kinds of choices you make and the things you have and haven’t been doing–all of that should stay the same. 

 

Treatment is the First Step of Your Recovery

 

Don’t think because you move forward in treatment that it’s going to relieve your stress and anxiety. That, actually, may be what’s driving this idea of moving forward. 

 

We all want to move forward in our lives, which is a complicated thing to even define. There’s a stress and anxiety that exists inside us all at times. If you’re active in addiction, stress and anxiety has a powerful pull. Yet we think, “If I can just get through these obstacles and move forward that will relieve the stress and anxiety.” 

 

But actually what relieves the stress and anxiety is dealing with the underlying conditions of the emotions. What relieves the stress and anxiety in my interpersonal relationships is not getting away from them. Then I’m just guilty because I’m not around. Right? 

 

I have to work through the emotions. And that’s what we’re actually doing in treatment. So it’s really a reframe. You’ve got to reframe your idea of moving forward. You’ve got to reframe your idea of stress and anxiety. 

 

Another thing I used to say: that feeling you have–that restlessness and boredom–that’s your ism. That underlying cluster of feelings exists inside of you and drives you to use drugs and alcohol. So every time you have that feeling, it’s a signal for you something is up. That is the ism you have to address.

 

 

 

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Are We Defining Treatment Success the Wrong Way?

Let’s face it, the media has an impact on our opinions and how we view the world. Unfortunately, seeing the world through the eyes of the media isn’t always…well, reality.

 

Take substance abuse treatment. Popular culture believes a person successfully completing treatment will stay away from drugs or alcohol for the rest of his or her life. As a result, life gets better. Sure this idea of success is ideal, but…

 

It’s not always that black and white.

 

Let’s say someone completes treatment and slips up some. Maybe they go out for a couple of drinks or have a weak moment with their drug of choice. But then they used what they learned in treatment to get back on track and not fall into the cycle of addiction.

 

Is this a success or failure?

 

Sure, there was relapse. But there was also a personal recovery taking place afterward. Ultimately, their quality of life did not suffer.

 

So treatment success may not fit into a neat little box of assumptions. Every individual comes to treatment with a unique set of circumstances. Is measuring success in a standard “popular” way counterproductive or even setting one up for failure?

 

Sometimes the right environment for the right amount of time can be the difference between success stories and failures. Recovery Integrity offers a long-term, all male program in Los Angeles. With a success rate of around 45%–much higher than the industry standard.

 

 

 

 

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The Reality of Treatment Success Rates

Coming to treatment has always been a hard threshold to cross – but more so now… Working in treatment for a long time, I’ve experienced greater consumer wariness.

 

People are more hesitant to send their loved ones to treatment and people who are looking for treatment are more hesitant to come. I think one of the reasons is the discourse about addiction, treatment and recovery has hit the mainstream, and one of the things that has come out is that the success rate of treatment is like, 15%.

 

But why are success rates so low? Several reasons:

 

Poor treatment. Treatment that’s not set up well & doesn’t understand the various personalities of the population they’re working with and their underlying conditions and problems. Like a bad mechanic.

 

Shady treatment that just isn’t trustworthy. Meaning their intention wasn’t to figure out how to help people recover. Their intention was to make money. That type of intention can be disasterous.

 

The nature of addiction and recovery. The nature of addiction is… it’s chronic. It is not a problem that can be solved with an event. It’s something that has to be worked with over time.

 

A good analogy to understand why treatment success rates are low is to think about something like the gym. My guess is you’re going to see like ten, fifteen percent success on those goals of fitness of people who signed up for memberships. Right?

Recovery is the same way. Recovery is similar to a muscle you have to exercise consistently. Lots of people will sign up for something that they won’t follow through with. It’s the really hard part of treatment and recovery.

It’s this mysterious question of the will, why some people have the will to change certain parts of their lives and other people don’t, and honestly it’s not a place where we have good answers.

Many times we just wait for people to be ready to change, but if you have a loved one or a spouse, or kid who is – shooting heroin – you really don’t feel like you have the luxury to wait around for them to change.

So people intervene, and people are in different stages of readiness for change, and there’s not an easy solution for that.

 

 

 

 

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Dogma in AA: Trusting in the Spirit of Reality

Dogma is not actually something I would want to get rid of within Alcoholics Anonymous.

 

I would also say dogma is not something that I want to get rid of in alcoholics anonymous. On some level, what it means to be a person in recovery, who’s engaged in traditional 12 steps is to have some sense of acceptance, that you are not in charge of the world.

 

And it’s sort of like trusting the spirit of reality and they call it God’s will, right. It’s a little bit more loaded of a term, I’ll just call it the spirit of reality. Meaning, I have to accept what is. Right?

 

I could fight it, but I’m going to lose, because – what is. And so if what is, is there are dogmatic personalities in alcoholics anonymous, who am I to fight that?

 

Am I in charge of how people should be in meetings? And the answer is no, I’d be a hypocrite. Right? Am I dogmatically against people who are dogmatic? Well, no.

 

There’s another reason why I wouldn’t get rid of dogma in alcoholics anonymous. It’s helped a lot of people. There’s a, sort of a spectrum of meetings, there are meetings, a late-night Hollywood meeting, it’s like a comedy show fiasco. It’s totally insane and foul and people yelling. A bunch of jesters all in one space acting out. There’s no order. It’s total chaos. Great Energy. I thought I sober was gonna be boring, this meeting is wild!

 

And then you have very rigid (you have to wear a tie) and other groups that have developed their own culture which is much stricter, much more dogmatic, much more rule-bound, and all are helpful for a lot of people.

 

That kind of container and that rule of structure and not having to question everything, and just being able to take direction feels really safe, and it feels good and it helps them build lives.

 

So there is dogma in the personalities in alcoholics anonymous. It’s not a bad thing, and if the traditional 12-step is something that’s going to help you, there are ways for you to belong that work for you.

 

 

 

 

 

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AA tries NOT to be dogmatic

Alcoholics Anonymous

Although somewhat known for dogma – actually has gone out of the way to NOT be dogmatic.

 

Everything is languaged from a place of suggestion as opposed to declarative statements for how you are supposed to be.

 

When you see it in the literature of Alcoholics Anonymous, you notice that these were people who were not only NOT particularly dogmatic, but they were also sensitive to the fact that people would be sensitive to dogma.

 

I am half African-American, and when I read the core text, the Big Book of Alcoholics Anonymous, I’m shocked that the word “negro” isn’t in there.

 

It’s 1936, pre-civil-rights-movement. It says nothing about who can come and who can’t…

 

So there is dogma in the 12-steps, it’s not my cup of tea, but it largely has to do with the personalities that exist in certain meetings within the fellowship.

 

 

  

 

 

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